Technical Sheet

GUIDE - Esi-Root Dilution Guide

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Applies to Esi-Root Rooting Concentrate

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A Guide to Successful Propagation

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Esi-root


The New Propagation Solution - Esi-root

Esi-Root is a unique scientifically formulated and tested rooting solution, that offers superior striking of most cuttings over conventional striking compounds. The one convenient Esi-Root product can be used for both hardwood and softwood cuttings, and easy to strike and hard to strike species. Simply alter the dilution ratios accordingly.

Two Active Ingredients - Esi-Root contains two hormones, 4-Indol-3-yl-Butyric Acid (IBA) and 1-Naphthlacetic Acid (NAA). Most conventional cutting compounds contain IBA alone. However, research has shown that a combination of IBA and NAA is generally more effective than IBA alone.

Better Performance - Esi-Root maximises the effectiveness of the delivery system, ensuring more active hormone being available at the cutting site. This has three advantages.

  • Increased strike rates
  • Faster callus and root development
  • No ‘burning’ of the cutting

Increased Production - Due to the nature of the Esi-Root formulation, cuttings may be dipped or soaked. Large runs may be cut directly into a prepared bath (at the correct dilution) and soaked for an hour or two prior to being placed in the propagation medium.

Cost Effective - Esi-Root may be diluted as low as 2.5mls into 1 litre of water. A 500ml dispenser of Esi-Root will treat many thousands of cuttings.

General hints for using Esi-Root solution Take cuttings just below a node or leaf axil and remove the lower leaves. Make a 10mm split up the base of the cutting and dip the cutting in Esi-Root solution to just cover the split. This increases the cutting surface area and helps the uptake of the hormone solution.

Another method is wounding of species difficult to root or those that have older wood at the base. The wound is made by slicing about 20mm of the outer tissue on both sides of the base of the cutting with a sharp grafting knife or razor blade.

As a general rule cuttings may be classified in three types;

  • Softwood (spring growth)
  • Semi-hardwood (summer/autumn)
  • Hardwood (winter, of the previous seasons growth)

Softwood Cuttings Dipping- dip the base of the cutting to a depth of 20mm into a prepared solution of 10mls Esi-Root into one litre of water. Soaking - Take soft leafy stem cuttings early in the day and avoid wilting by cutting directly into a prepared solution of Esi-Root, at a dilution rate of 2.5mls into one litre of water. Totally immerse for up to five minutes.

For more mature softwood cuttings dip the base of the cutting in a solution of 25mls Esi-Root in one litre of water or totally immerse the cutting in a weaker solution of 7.5mls of Esi-Root in one litre of water for up to five minutes.

Semi-Hardwood Cuttings If unfamiliar with the species sensitivity to auxins, test a few cuttings at differing concentrations and different methods. Burn will usually show within seven days. If there is no burn or you are familiar with the species response to auxins, either dip or totally immerse the cutting as set out above in a prepared solution of 25mls Esi-Root into 1 litre of clean water as set out above.

Hardwood Cuttings There are two different methods that can be used for the striking of hardwood cuttings: Dipping- Dip the base of the cutting to a depth of 20mm into a prepared solution of 25mls Esi-Root into one litre of water. Store cuttings until callused. Place in the propagation medium to a depth of 50% of the cutting length.


Soaking- Totally immerse the hardwood cutting into a prepared solution of 7.5mls Esi-Root into one litre of water and soak for up to 24 hours. Place in the propagation medium.

Difficult to Strike Species For certain species that are extremely difficult to strike, test a few cuttings by dipping them into undiluted Esi-Root solution. If callus forms and there is no burning within 7 days, proceed to full scale production.

Note: If unfamiliar with sensitivity of any species to auxins, test a few cuttings at different concentrations before undertaking full scale production. Burning will usually show within seven days. If burning shows, adjust the concentration and test again. This booklet is a guide only.

Esi-Root Solution Dilution Rates

Low Concentration 10mls Esi-Root to 1 litre Water
High Concentration 25mls Esi-Root to 1 litre Water

The following table sets out the preferred propagation methodology and dilution rates required. Methods are based on Sydney conditions and may be varied to suit your conditions.

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Abelia Semi hardwood Dec-May Low Concentration
Abutilon Soft tip Sept-May Low Concentration
Layering Sept-May N/A
Acalypha Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Acanthus Root cuttings Aug-Sept N/A
Acer cultivars Bud or graft July-Aug N/A
Acer megundo Hardwood June-July High Concentration
15 minute soak
Budding June-July N/A
Actinotis Soft tip Nov-March Low Concentration
Adenandra Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Agonis flexuosa 'Variegata' Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Graft seedling stocks Aug-Sept N/A
Allamanda Soft tip Aug-Oct Low Concentration
Antigonon Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Aphelandra Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Arbutus Semi hardwood cuttings Dec-Jan High Concentration
Aristolochia Seed Sept-Nov N/A
Astartia Semi hardwood Feb-March Low Concentration
Aucuba Semi hardwood May-July Low Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Azalea Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Layering Aug-Sept N/A
Azara Cutting with heel Sept-Nov High Concentration
Baeckia Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Banksia Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Baurea Soft tip Sept-Oct Low Concentration
Begonia rex Leaf All seasons Low Concentration
Begonia coccinea Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Begonia semperflorens Leaf, stem Aug-Sept Low Concentration
Begonia tuberus Leaf Nov-Dec Low Concentration
Berberis Soft tip Sept-April Low Concentration
Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Betula Graft seedling stocks April-May N/A
Bignonia Semi hardwood Dec-Feb High Concentration
Boronia Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Bougainvillea Hardwood Warm climates - all seasons High Concentration
Bouvardia Fleshy roots 75mm long Aug-Oct N/A
Brachychiton Graft seedling stocks Sept-Nov N/A
Brachysema Soft tip March-April Low Concentration
Brunfelsia Soft tip Sept-Oct Low Concentration
Buddleia Soft tip Sept-Oct Low Concentration
Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Hardwood July-Aug High Concentration
Buxus Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Calliandra Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Callicarpa Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Callistemon Semi hardwood Dec-June High Concentration
Calocephalis Semi hardwood Dec-Jan Low Concentration
Calodendron Graft seedling stocks September N/A
Camellia japonica Leaf bud Dec-March Low Concentration
Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Graft onto sasanqua root stocks Sept-Nov N/A
Layering Sept-Nov N/A
Cutting graft March-April Low Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Camellia reticulata Graft onto sasanqua root stocks June-July N/A
Camellia sasanqua Leaf bud Dec-March Low Concentration
Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Campsis Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Caryopteris Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Cassia Semi hardwood Dec-March High Concentration
Casuarina Soft tip March-May Low Concentration
Catalpa Semi hardwood Dec-Feb High Concentration
Ceanothus Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Cedrus Graft seedling stocks Aug-Sept N/A
Ceratopetalum Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Budding seedling stocks Aug-Sept N/A
Ceratostigma Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Cestrum Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Chaenomeles Root cuttings June-July N/A
Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Chamaecyparis Semi hardwood March-June High Concentration
Chamaelaucium Semi hardwood Jan-Feb Low Concentration
Chimonanthus Semi hardwood Jan-March High Concentration
Choisya Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Chorizema Semi hardwood September Low Concentration
Chrysanthemum Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Cissus Soft tip Nov-Dec Low Concentration
Cistus Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Citharexylum Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Clematis Semi hardwood Nov-Feb Low Concentration
Clerodendron Soft tip Sept-Oct Low Concentration
Cobea Semi hardwood Sept-March High Concentration
Codiaeum Semi hardwood Nov-March Low Concentration
Coleonema Soft tip April-May Low Concentration
Coleus Soft tip Dec-March Low Concentration
Columnea Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Coprosma Semi hardwood Sept-Dec Low Concentration
Cordyline Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Cornus florida New growth cuttings Oct-March Low Concentration
Grafting or budding July-March N/A
Correa Semi hardwood Jan-March High Concentration
Cotinus Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Cotoneaster Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Cryptomeria Semi hardwood Feb-June Low Concentration
Cuphea Soft tip Sept-Dec Low Concentration
Cupressus Semi hardwood Feb-June Low Concentration
Cytisus Soft tip Aug-Nov Low Concentration
Daboecia Soft tip Aug-Sept Low Concentration
Daerydium Semi hardwood April-July Low Concentration
Dais Semi hardwood Oct-Nov High Concentration
Dampiera diversifolia Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Daphne Semi hardwood Dec-Jan Low Concentration
Simple layering Dec-Jan N/A
Datura Soft tip or hardwood Any time Low Concentration
Deutzia Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Dodonaea Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Dombeya Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Doxantha Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Draceana Stem cuttings and air layering Dec-March Low Concentration
Drejerella Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Duranta Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Echium Semi hardwood After flowering Low Concentration
Eleagnus Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Epacris Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Erica Semi hardwood Dec-Jan Low Concentration
Eriostemon Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Erythrina Hardwood June-July Low Concentration
Escalonia Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Euonymus Semi hardwood Nov-May Low Concentration
Eupatorium Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Euphorbia Hardwood - partially dry for 1-2 days Sept-Oct High Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Euryops Soft tip Sept-March High Concentration
Exochordia Soft tip Nov-Dec Low Concentration
Layering Nov-Dec N/A
Fagus Graft seedling stocks March-May N/A
Fatsia Semi hardwood basal shoots Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Feijoa Semi hardwood March-Apr High Concentration
Felicia Semi hardwood Sept-May Low Concentration
Ficus hillii Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Ficus parcellii Hardwood Aug-Sept High Concentration
Ficus elastica 'Decora' Leaf stem Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Ficus mimina Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Ficus pumila Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Fittonia Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Forsythia Hardwood June-July Low Concentration
Fraxinus Cultivars budded Nov-Dec N/A
Fuchsia Soft tip Sept-Feb Low Concentration
Gardenia Semi hardwood March-April Low Concentration
Garrya Semi hardwood March High Concentration
Gelsemium Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Genista Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Ginkgo Semi hardwood June-July High Concentration
Gleditsia Hardwood September High Concentration
Cultivars grafted July-Aug N/A
Goldfussia Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Gompholobium Semi hardwood Nov-March Low Concentration
Gordonia Semi hardwood with heels Feb-March Low Concentration
Layering Sept-Oct N/A
Grevillea Soft tip March-April Low Concentration
Hakea Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Hardenbergia Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Hebe Soft tip Sept-April Low Concentration
Hedera Cuttings from non-fruiting wood Sept-April Low Concentration
Heliotropium Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Hemiandra Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Hibertia Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Firm soft tip Dec-March Low Concentration
Hibiscus syriacus Hardwood June-July Low Concentration
Holmskiolda Soft tip Sept-Feb Low Concentration
Hoya Semi hardwood Oct-Dec Low Concentration
Hydrangea Soft tip October Low Concentration
Leaf bud October Low Concentration
Hypericum Soft wood Sept-Feb Low Concentration
Hypocalymma Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Ilex Semi hardwood Feb-March Low Concentration
Iochroma Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Isopogon Semi hardwood Feb-March Low Concentration
Ixora Soft tip Nov-Dec Low Concentration
Jacaranda Graft seedling stocks March-May N/A
Jasminum Semi hardwood Sept-Feb Low Concentration
Juniperus Semi hardwood March-July Low Concentration
Kalmia Simple layering March-April N/A
Kennedya Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Kerria Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Koelreuteria Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Kolkwitzia Semi hardwood April-May Low Concentration
Kunzea Semi hardwood Feb-April Low Concentration
Laburnum Budded/grafted Sept-Oct N/A
Lagerstroemia Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Lambertia Semi hardwood Feb-April Low Concentration
Lantana Soft tip Sept-May Low Concentration
Lavendula Soft tip with heel September Low Concentration
Leonotis Soft tip Sept-Feb Low Concentration
Leptospermum Semi hardwood May-June Low Concentration
Leschenaultia Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Leucothoe Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Libocedrus Semi hardwood Dec-May Low Concentration
Ligustrum cultivars Semi hardwood Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Liquidambar cultivars Shield bud seedling rootstocks Dec-March N/A

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Liriodendron Grafting Sept-Nov N/A
Lonicera Soft tip Dec-Feb Low Concentration
Loropetalum Semi hardwood Sept-Oct Low Concentration
Luculia Seed Sept-Nov N/A
Simple layering Sept-Nov N/A
Macadamia cultivars Graft onto seedling rootstocks N/A
Magnolia deciduous Semi hardwood Dec-Feb High Concentration
Simple layering April-May N/A
Magnolia evergreen Simple layering April-May N/A
Mandevilla Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Manettia Soft tip Nov-Feb Low Concentration
Melaleuca Softwood Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Melastoma Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Metasequoia Soft tip Oct-May High Concentration
Metrosideros Semi hardwood July Low Concentration
Michelia Semi hardwood Sept-March Low Concentration
Monstera Nodal lengths 100-150mm Oct-March Low Concentration
Morus alba Softwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Murraya Semi hardwood March-April Low Concentration
Mussaenda Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Soft tip Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Myoporum Soft tip Sept-Mar Low Concentration
Myrtus Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Nandina domestica 'Nana' Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Nerium Semi hardwood Sept-Feb Low Concentration
Olea africana Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Osmanthus Variegated forms soft tip Sept-May Low Concentration
Pandorea Soft tip Sept-Mar Low Concentration
Parthenocissus Soft tip Dec-March Low Concentration
Hardwood Aug-Sept High Concentration
Passiflora Grafting Sept-Oct N/A
Pedilanthus Soft tip Sept-Mar Low Concentration
Pelargonium Soft tip All year Low Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Pentas Semi hardwood Nov-March Low Concentration
Pepperomia Leaf Sept-March Low Concentration
Philadelphus Hardwood June-July Low Concentration
Philodendron Cuttings soft tip and leaf bud Sept-March Low Concentration
Photinia glabra 'Robusta' Semi hardwood June-July High Concentration
Photinia glabra 'Rubens' Semi hardwood Nov-Dec High Concentration
Picea cultivars Grafted seedling rootstock of same spp. N/A
Pieris Soft tip Sept-Dec Low Concentration
Pimellea Soft tip Nov-Dec Low Concentration
Pittosporum cultivars Semi hardwood March-April Low Concentration
Platanus Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Platyeladus Semi hardwood Dec-May Low Concentration
Plumbago Semi hardwood Sept-Oct Low Concentration
Plumeria Ripe tip, dry for 5 days Sept-Oct Low Concentration
Podalyria Soft tip Sept-Feb Low Concentration
Podocarpus Semi hardwood Feb-Apr Low Concentration
Polygala Soft tip Dec-May Low Concentration
Pomaderris Semi hardwood Feb-Apr Low Concentration
Populus Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Portulacaria Cuttings Sept-April Low Concentration
Prostanthera Semi hardwood March-April Low Concentration
Prunus lauroceracus Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Prunus glandulosa Root June-July N/A
Prunus cultivars Shield budded Nov-Dec N/A
Punica Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Pyracantha Semi hardwood April-May Low Concentration
Pyrostegia Semi hardwood Dec-May Low Concentration
Quisqualis Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Raphiolepsis Semi hardwood Dec-May Low Concentration
Reinwardtia Soft tip Aug-Sept Low Concentration
Rhododendron Semi hardwood Nov-Dec Low Concentration
Simple layering Sept-Nov N/A
Aerial layering Sept-Nov N/A
Leaf bud March-May Low Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Robinia cultivars Grafted June-July N/A
Rondoletia Semi hardwood Oct-Nov Low Concentration
Rose T budding Feb-March N/A
Rose miniature Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Rosemarinus Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Russelia Semi hardwood Sept-Nov Low Concentration
Sabina Semi hardwood March-July Low Concentration
Saintpaulia Leaf cuttings and division - glasshouse All seasons N/A
Salix Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Sambucus Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Sansevieria Leaf cuttings and division All seasons N/A
Solandra Semi hardwood Nov-March Low Concentration
Solanum Hardwood June-Aug High Concentration
Sophora Semi hardwood Sept-March Low Concentration
Spathodea Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Spiraea Soft tip Jan-March Low Concentration
Stachyurus Semi hardwood Dec-Jan Low Concentration
Stephanotis Semi hardwood Oct-Nov Low Concentration
Stenocarpus Seed or graft Sept-Oct N/A
Streptosolen Semi hardwood Oct-May Low Concentration
Syringa Budded onto privet N/A
Syzygium Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration
Tamarix Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Tecoma Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Tecomaria Semi hardwood Dec-April Low Concentration
Telopea Cuttings with new growth September Low Concentration
Thryptomene Semi hardwood Sept-May Low Concentration
Thunbergia Semi hardwood Oct-Dec Low Concentration
Thuya Semi hardwood Dec-May Low Concentration
Tibouchina Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Trachelospermum Semi hardwood Sept-March Low Concentration
Tristania cultivars Graft - top cleft July-Aug N/A
Graft - splice approach Aug-Sept N/A
Ugni Semi hardwood Nov-Feb Low Concentration

Species Method Timing Esi Root Rate
Ulex Semi hardwood March-April Low Concentration
Viburnum evergreen Semi hardwood Nov-April Low Concentration
Viburnum deciduous Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Grafting June-July N/A
Vitex Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Vitis Simple layering March-May N/A
Weigela Soft tip Sept-March Low Concentration
Hardwood June-July High Concentration
Westringia Semi hardwood March-May Low Concentration
Wisteria Hardwood September High Concentration
Compound layering September N/A
Root June-July N/A
Grafting Aug-Sept N/A
Xylosma Semi hardwood Feb-April Low Concentration
Ziera Semi hardwood Dec-March Low Concentration

Esi-Root Concentrate and Ezi-Root Gel come in a range of sizes and quantities to suit your different plant propagation needs. To learn more about the Esi-Root range of products, visit

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